Instruction Sets

Short Description
List the characteristics of true assembly programming (TAL). … In the 1st microprocessor, the 4-bit Intel 4004, registers can only represent …

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Content
Session 9 .. Instruction Sets CS212 Computer Organization 17
. 2001-2007 Dr. Muhammad Al-Hashimi. All rights reserved. February 27, 2007
Session 9
Instruction Sets
.. Lecture Summary
MIPS Assembly Abstractions
1. MIPS software: code organization conventions, MIPS assembler, SPIM.
.. Two-step 32-bit immediate load and 2-step far branch.
.. Enhanced assembly: instruction expansion, pseudo-instructions, macros, MIPS assembly
language (MAL).
Example 12. What MIPS instructions translate the pseudo-instruction: beq
reg,imm,Label, where reg is register, imm is short immediate.
addi $at,$zero,imm
beq reg,$at,Label
An example for the new pseudo-instruction: beq $s0,10,Exit
Example 13. What MIPS instructions should be produced for beq with long
immediate operand?
A long immediate operand can be separated into upper & lower 16 bit
fields: immhigh, immlow
lui $at,immhigh
ori $at,$at,immlow
beq $at, reg,Label
For example, the assembly instruction: beq $s0,75000,Exit
would be translated to (see Example 10):
lui $at,1
ori $at,$at,9464
beq $at,$s0,Exit
Example 14. What MIPS instructions should be produced for the pseudoinstruction
“branch on greater than”:
bgt $…